Rodenticides And Other Large Animal Toxins
Strychnine/Brucine
- Effects/MOA
- Glycine receptor antagonist on spinal cord
- PNS
- Clinical Manifestations
- Conscious seizures, until metabolic demands lead to AMS, multiorgan failure (renal, heart, brain, lung)
- MGMT/Notes
- Benzos, cooling, hydration, nondepolarizing NMB, urine alkalinization
- AC binds 1:1 so 1g/kg x 1
- Effective management within first 6 hours is essential
- Rapid onset vs tetanus (which inhibits glycine release, not competitive antagonism)
- Professor Touery survived strychnine by also ingesting AC
- Mole/gopher poison
- Adulterant in drugs (cocaine, heroin, meth, mdma)
Brodifacoum
- Effects/MOA
- Blood
Alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU)
- Effects/MOA
- “Organosulfur” Rat poison used in the 1940s in baltimore since rats don’t mind the taste
- Shortness of breath, pulmonary toxicity, edema
- Clinical Manifestations
- LUNG
- Pulmonary injury and pulmonary edema
- Notes
- Toxic products produced by lung NADPH dependent CYP enzymes
Barium carbonate
- Effects/MOA
- Depolarizing neuromuscular blockade
- K shifted intracellularly producing profound weakness
- Clinical Manifestations
- FACIAL parasthesias are the first symptoms
- Followed by descending paralysis and cardiac conduction
- Potassium replacement aids in reversing paralysis
- FACIAL parasthesias are the first symptoms
- Notes
- HD
Bromethalin
- Effects/MOA
- Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation AND interrupts nerve impulse conduction
- CNS- seizures, ataxia confusion, tremors
Phosphides
- Effects/MOA
- Phosphine- cytochrome a or c oxidase inhibitor
- Rotten fish ordor
N-3-pyridylmethyl-N-p- nitrophenylurea (PNU) aka Pyriminil
- Effects/MOA
- Structurally related to chemotherapeutics (alloxan, streptozocin) → destroying pancreatic beta cells
- Clinical Manifestations
- PANCREAS
- Can have delayed onset of DAYS
- New onset diabetes, DKA, hyperglycemia
- Peanut odor
Tetramine
- Effects/MOA
- GABA antagonist
- Refractory seizures
Sodium monofluoroacetate, Fluroacetamide
- Effects/MOA
- Metabolite, fluorocitrate, acts as a “suicide inhibitor” of ACONITASE producing a biochemical dead end.
- Net increase in substrates proximal to aconitase in citric acid cycle and depletion of substrates distal to it.
- ←—-xACONITASEx—->
- MGMT
- ETHANOL(?) target level of 100
- Notes
- Also causes alpha-ketoglutarate accumulation
- Glutamate depletion and ammonia accumulation
- Also impairs fatty acid oxidation leading to ketosis
- HYPOCALCEMIA from excess citrate. Not due to fluoride, NO defluorination occurs
- SMFA classified as a potential chemical weapon, like tetramine
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Rodenticides And Other Large Animal Toxins
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